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Autophagy is a degradation pathway existing
2019-09-18
Autophagy is a degradation pathway existing in all eukaryotic organisms. It is the main system for the degradation of bulk cytoplasmic components in cells (Feng et al., 2014), but it also plays a crucial role in other processes, as immunity (Wileman, 2013), mitochondrial (Dengjel and Abeliovich, 201
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calculating molar concentration The fact that the mean tumor
2019-09-18
The fact that the mean tumor size of the E1202-654 + α-GalCer group was much smaller than that of the α-GalCer inoculated group in both protocols indicates that immunization with E1202-654 plus α-GalCer, which induces a strong CD8+ T cell E1 antigen-specific immune response, is involved in the elim
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The repair pathway of DNA DSBs
2019-09-18
The repair pathway of DNA-DSBs through HR and the role of BRCA1 in repair kinetics by HR is also an important factor to unravel the radiation sensitization of novel small molecule inhibitors. The involvement of the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) in tumorigenesis and its role in facilita
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Third DGK protein stabilization by myristic acid is
2019-09-18
Third, DGKδ2 protein stabilization by myristic neuroscience peptides is cell line specific. Myristic acid had no obvious effects on DGKδ protein stability in the liver cell line HepG2, pancreas cell line MIA-PaCa-2 and neuronal cell line Neuro-2a cells (Fig. 5). Although myristic acid moderately in
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BCECF-AM Previous studies on the chemokines role in depressi
2019-09-18
Previous studies on the chemokines role in depression are not detailed enough, and cannot sufficiently demonstrate even a hypothetical mechanism explaining the differences in levels of particular chemokines and their receptors, in relation to the severity of depression [29], [30]. Previous studies o
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br Future direction and conclusion br
2019-09-18
Future direction and conclusion Conflict of interest References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Introduction Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1; also referred to as the macrophage-colony stimulating
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We showed for the first time that
2019-09-18
We showed for the first time that ivermectin significantly reduced the pH-induced response of the pHCl-A variant at 300nM, whereas fipronil and γ-BHC had no significant effects on the channel unlike in RDL and GluCl (Fig. 4). Such a concentration is similar to the threshold at which ivermectin activ
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br Transparency document br Acknowledgements We thank Prof
2019-09-18
Transparency document Acknowledgements We thank Prof. Barbara Brodsky for valuable comments and discussion. We thank the support of the Tufts start-up fund and the Knez Family Faculty Investment Fund for Y.-S. L, and the Tufts Summer Scholar program for E.C. Introduction Discoidin domain r
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Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues
2019-09-18
Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues, and is mediated by the sequential reactions of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), conjugating enzyme (E2), and ligase (E3). The first step in this process comprises the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin by E1 to form a ubiquitin–E1 conjugate.
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Astrocytes play a key role in the brain as
2019-09-17
Astrocytes play a key role in the brain, as these cells are involved in fluid, ion, pH, and neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse function, energy and metabolism and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). PA is able to activate different damaging responses in astrocytes
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Being a rare renal tumor its description as primary renal
2019-09-17
Being a rare renal tumor, its description as primary renal tumor has been confined to the documentation of anecdotal case reports in the past [4], [9], [10], [11]. However, recent years have seen an increased interest in defining ES/PNET of kidney as a distinct entity, with the study undertaken by t
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Additionally both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that
2019-09-17
Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that a Ca2+ influx is closely related to apoptosis (Rizzuto et al., 2003). Calmodulin (CaM) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells, which senses intracellular calcium levels by bindi
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PI K Akt eNOS signaling is long been known as
2019-09-17
PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling is long been known as a cell survival pathway in cardiology [8]. Current study has shown that ginsenosides, which is demonstrated to exhibit cardioprotective effect in several aspects, prevented cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury via upregulation of PI3K and phosphorylations
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For radiochemotherapy it is well known that mitotic
2019-09-17
For radiochemotherapy, it is well known that mitotic cell death and apoptosis present the major cell death modes. More recently, autophagy-dependent cell death has been described to occur upon radiochemotherapy (Daido et al., 2005, Song et al., 2017). This form of regulated cell death depends on com
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br Use of CDK inhibitors in CLL today
2019-09-17
Use of CDK inhibitors in CLL today There has been explosive development of novel therapeutics for CLL in the last decade and a massive transformation of practice is underway [75]. Most of this development and excitement revolves around B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling inhibitors: the Bruton tyrosi